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ÆíÁý: 6¿ù26ÀÏ(¼ö) 10:37    

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ì°Ù¥ÚÏ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÇѹݵµÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í ½º½º·Î ¿µ¿õÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀýÈ£ÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ ³õħÀ¸·Î½á ÀýüÀý¸íÀÇ À§±â¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù. Áö³­ 23ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ ±×°¡ ¿¬Æòµµ »ó°ø¿¡¼­ Æø°Ý ¸í·ÉÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´ø Çѱ¹ °ø±º F-15K µî 8´ëÀÇ ÀüÅõ±â Á¶Á¾»çµé¿¡°Ô "¿¬Æòµµ¸¦ Æ÷°ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ºÏ±«±ºÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷´ë¸¦ ¼¶¸êÇ϶ó"´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·È´õ¶ó¸é ÀÌ·± »óȲÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁ³À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

1. îØ(Àû)ÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷´ë´Â F-15K°¡ ½ð °í¼º´É À¯µµ Æøź¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÃÊÅäÈ­µÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
2. ´ë±âÁßÀÎ îØÀÇ ¹Ì±× 23±â°¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿´´õ¶ó¸é ¾ÐµµÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ F-15K¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Â÷´ÜµÇ°Å³ª °ÝÃߵǾúÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1981³â¿¡ ½Ã¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¹Ì±× 23 µî°ú À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ F-15 µîÀÌ º£Ä« °è°î »ó°ø¿¡¼­ °Ýµ¹ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½Ã¸®¾Æ´Â 85´ë°¡ °ÝÃߵǾú´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤Àº ÇÑ ´ë¸¸ °ÝÃߵǾú´Ù. ±×¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ »óȲÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁ³À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3. °øÁßÀüÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀüÅõÀÌ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ºÏ±«±ºÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷´ë¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ñ«ÀÓ¹«´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅõ±â¿¡ ¸Ã°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ºÏ±«±ºÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷ °ø°Ý¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇؾÈÆ÷·Î ¹Ý°ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áö´Â °ÔÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ºÏ±«ÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã Çѱ¹ÀÇ °ø±º·ÂÀÌ ÅõÀԵǾî¾ß À̱ä´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀº Ãֽſ¹ °ø±º±â¿¡ Æø°Ý¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

4. ¹Î°£Àεé±îÁö °ø°ÝÇÑ ºÏ±«±ºÀÇ ÀüÀï¹üÁËÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀüÅõ±â·Î ÀÀ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹ý¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ³Ê¹«³ª ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª Çѱ¹ ÀüÅõ±â´Â ¿ì¼öÇÑ ·¹ÀÌ´õ¿Í ¹«±â¼º´É ´öºÐ¿¡ NLLÀ» ³ÑÀ» ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾øÀÌ ¿ì¸® ¿µ°ø À§¿¡¼­ ½ò ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
5. ºÏ±«±ºÀº ±Ë¸êÀûÀΠŸ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í´Â ¹Ý°ÝÀ̳ª üªîú(È®Àü)ÇÒ ¾öµÎ¸¦ ³»Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °øÁßîúÕô¿¡¼± ÀڽŵéÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¿­¼¼ÀÓÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.
6. ÀÛÀüÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³­ µÚ ùÛÚ¸¿¬ÇÕ»ç´Â ºÏ±«¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© "¸¸¾à Ãß°¡ µµ¹ßÇÏ¸é ¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ ûýÕôÀ¸·Î ÀÀ¡ÇÑ´Ù"´Â ¿øÄ¢À» õ¸íÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ç×°ø¸ðÇÔÀ» ºÒ·¯µéÀδÙ. îØÀÇ ±¹ÁöÀû µµ¹ßÀº ùÛÚ¸¿¬ÇÕ»ç üÁ¦·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ ´ëÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº ȱ±è¿¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
7. õ¾ÈÇÔ ÆøħÀ¸·Î »ç±â°¡ ¶³¾îÁ³´ø Çѱ¹±º°ú ±¹¹ÎµéÀº '¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ ã­îú(½ÂÀü)'¿¡ ¿ë±â¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÏ°í ì°Ù¥ÚÏ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¿µµµ·ÂÀ» ĪÂùÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ºÐÀ§±â ÀüȯÀº ³²ºÏ°ü°è¸¦ Çѱ¹ÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µÞ¹ÞħÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
8. ¾ÐµµÀû ã­îúÀº ºÏÇÑÁ¤±Ç ÁöµµºÎÀÇ ±â¸¦ ²ª°í, 3´ë ¼¼½Àµµ ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µé¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ·± Âù½º¸¦ ³õÄ£ À̸í¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀº Áö±Ý ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸ô¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

1. ÀüÅõ±â¿¡ Æø°Ý¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸®Áö ¾ÊÀº ±×ÀÇ ³ª¾àÇÔ¿¡ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ ºÐ³ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
2. Çѱ¹±ºÀÌ ÀÀ¡À» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ µ¥ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºñÆÇ¿©·ÐÀÌ °Å¼¼Áö°í ±¹¹æÀå°üÀÌ ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸¸Å­ ÏÚÀÇ »ç±â°¡ ¾àÇØÁ³´Ù.
3. ¿¬Æòµµ ÁֹεéÀÌ ¼¶À» ºñ¿ì°í À°Áö·Î Å»ÃâÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼­ÇØ5µµ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈÄÅð°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÏ´Â ºÒ¾ÈÀ» È®»ê½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù.
4. ´ëÅë·É°ú ÏÚÁöÈֺο¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÇ ºÒ½ÅÀÌ ÆÛÁö°í ÀÖ¾î ÇâÈÄ ¾Èº¸Àü·«¿¡ ½É´ëÇÑ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±¹¹Îµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀüÀï°øÆ÷ÁõÀÌ È®»êµÇ¸é ºÏÇÑÁ¤±ÇÀº À̸¦ ³ë¸®°í Ãß°¡Àû µµ¹ßÀ» ÇØ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

5. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ª¾àÇÑ Á¤ºÎ¶ó¸é, ¼­ÇØ 5µµ ¹æ¾î¸¦ Æ÷±â, ¼öµµ±ÇÀÇ »ý¸íÁÙÀÎ NLLÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÜÀ½À¸·Î½á, Á¶±¹ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ³»Áö ¾ÊÀ»±î ÇÏ´Â ºÒ¾È°¨¸¶Àú »ý±ä´Ù.
6. ´ëÅë·É°ú ÏÚ ÁöÈֺΰ¡ ¿ë±â°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é ½º½º·Î ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÏÑò¢µµ¹ßÀε¥, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ±¸°ÉÇÏ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. îØÀ» Ÿ°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹«±â¸¦ °®°íµµ ¿ë±â°¡ ¾ø¾î ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¹Ì±¹´õ¶ó ´ë½Å ½Î¿ö´Þ¶ó°í ºÎŹÇÏ´Â Çü±¹ÀÌ´Ù.


ì°Ù¥ÚÏ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ±× °áÁ¤Àû ¼ø°£¿¡ ¿ë±â ÀÖ´Â °á´ÜÀ» ³»·È´Ù¸é Ï­ÏÐ(±¸±¹)ÀÇ ¿µ¿õÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ»ÅÍÀε¥ ºñ°ÌÀ» ¼±ÅÃ, Å©³ªÅ« ±¹°¡Àû, °³ÀÎÀû À§±â¸¦ ºÒ·¶´Ù. 1936³â 3¿ù ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ±¹°¡ÁöµµºÎ°¡ È÷Ʋ·¯ÀÇ ³ªÄ¡µ¶Àϱº´ë°¡ ºñ¹«Àå Áö´ëÀÎ ¶óÀζõÆ®·Î ºÒ¹ýÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥µµ ¸·Áö ¾Ê¾Æ, 2Â÷ ´ëÀüÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ±æÀ» ¿­°í °á±¹ ÇÁ¶û½º°¡ µ¶Àϱº¿¡ Ç׺¹ÇÏ´Â »çűîÁö »ý±â°Ô µÈ °úÁ¤°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ÈÄÀÏ ¿ª»ç°¡µéÀÌ ¿¬Æòµµ µµ¹ßÀ» 'ì°Ù¥ÚÏÀÇ ¶óÀζõÆ®'¿´´Ù°í ±â·ÏÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ´ëÇѹα¹ÀÌ îåûùµÈ ´ÙÀ½ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1. ½½·¥-ER

¿ì¸® °ø±ºÀÇ F15K¿£ ºÏÇѱº °»µµÁøÁö¸¦ Æı«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹«±â¸¦ žÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿¬Æòµµ°¡ ÀûÀÇ Æ÷°ÝÀ» ´çÇÒ ´ç½Ã ¿ì¸® °ø±º F15K´Â ½½·¥-ERÀ̶ó´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ¹«±â¸¦ žÀçÇÏ°í °øÁß¿¡ ´ë±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ °ø°Ý¸í·É¸¸À» ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­.

 
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F-15K žÀç ¹«±âµé(°í¼ºÇõ)


1. ½½·¥-ER

 F15K¿¡¼­ ÅõÇÏÇÏ¿© ¹ß»çÇÏ´Â Àå°Å¸® ÍöÓßò¢ ¹Ì»çÀÏÀÌ´Ù. »ç°Å¸®´Â ¹«·Á 270KM¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±× Á¤È®µµ´Â °ø»ê¿ÀÂ÷°¡ 3¹ÌÅÍ À̳»·Î¼­ ÈÞÀü¼± »ó°ø¿¡¼­ ¹ß»çÇÒ °æ¿ì Æò¾çÀÇ Æ¯Á¤°Ç¹° ƯÁ¤Ã¢¹®À» Ÿ°ÙÀ¸·Î »ïÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù.

 
2. JDAM : GPS À¯µµÈ°°ø Æøź

JDAMÀº ÀϹÝÆøź¿¡ ³¯°³¸¦ ÀåÂøÇÏ¿© GPS½ÅÈ£·Î À¯µµµÇ´Â È°°øÀ¯µµÆøźÀÌ´Ù. Àú·ÅÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î °­·ÂÇÑ Æı«·ÂÀ» È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹«±âÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀº ¾ÆÇÁ°£¿¡¼­ Å»·¹¹Ý ÁøÁö¸¦ Æı«ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.

»ç°Å¸®´Â ¾à 27KM·Î¼­ µÎ²² ¾à 2.4m ÄÜÆ®¸®Æ®¸¦ °üÅë Æı«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºÏÇѱº °»µµÁøÁöÀÔ±¸ Æı«¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¹«±âÀÌ´Ù. F15K´Â ÀÌ JDAMÀ» ¾à 7°³±îÁö ¹«ÀåžÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

3.GBU-12 PAVEWAY II (·¹ÀÌÀúÀ¯µµÆøź)

·¹ÀÌÀú À¯µµÆøźÀ¸·Î¼­ (LAZER GUIDE BOMB)·Î¼­ ±× Á¤¹Ðµµ´Â ¸Å¿ì ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù. ¿ù³²Àü ´ç½Ã ´Ü Çѹ߷ΠÇϳëÀÌÀÇ ´Ù¸®¸¦ Æı«ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ¸ç ±× ¹ßÀüÇüÀÌ Áö±Ý±îÁö ³»·Á¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ö±ÙÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® 2.4¹ÌÅÍ µÎ²²¸¦ °üÅëÆı«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

4. GBU-24 (·¹ÀÌÀú À¯µµ Æøź)

GBU-12ó·³ ·¹ÀÌÀú·Î À¯µµµÇ´Â ÆøźÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ GBU-12´Â ¹«°Ô°¡ 277KGÀÎ ¹Ý¸é¿¡ GBU-24´Â ¾à 1ÅæÀÇ ¹«°Ô´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¸Å¿ì °­·ÂÇÑ Æı«·ÂÀ» Áö´Ñ´Ù. F15K¸¦ µµÀÔÇϸ鼭 ºÏÇѱºÀÇ °»µµÁøÁöÆı«¸¦ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î µé¿©¿Â ¹«±âÀÌ´Ù.

ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇؾÈÆ÷ °»µµÁøÁö Æı«¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¹«±âÀÌ´Ù. »ç°Å¸®´Â °íµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸ ¾à 12KM·Î¼­ F15K¿£ ÃÖ´ë 5¹ß±îÁö ÀåÂø °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

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¶óÀζõÆ® À繫Àå°ú ÇÁ¶û½º ÁöµµºÎÀÇ ÙíÕô
(¹èÁø¿µ)


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[ 2002-12-29, 19:37 ]



France
Historians writing without benefit of access to the French archives (which were not opened until the mid-1970s) such as William L. Shirer in his books The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960) and The Collapse of the Third Republic (1969) have claimed that France, although possessing at this time superior armed forces compared to Germany, including after a possible mobilization 100 infantry divisions, was psychologically unprepared to use force against Germany.[21] Historians such as the American historian Stephen A. Schuker who have examined the relevant French primary sources have rejected Shirer's claims as the work of an amateur historian writing without access to the primary sources, and have found that a major paralyzing factor on French policy was the economic situation[22]. France's top military official, General Maurice Gamelin, informed the French government that the only way to remove the Germans from the Rhineland was to mobilize the French Army, which would cost the French treasury 30 million francs per day[23]. Gamelin assumed a worst-case scenario in which a French move into the Rhineland would spark an all-out Franco-German war, a case which required full mobilization. Gamelin's analysis was supported by the War Minister, General Louis Maurin who told the Cabinet that it was inconceivable that France could reverse the German remilitarization without full mobilization[24].

At the same time, in late 1935-early 1936 France was gripped by a financial crisis, with the French Treasury informing the government that sufficient cash reserves to maintain the value of the franc as currently pegged by the gold standard in regard to the U.S. dollar and the British pound no longer existed, and only a huge foreign loan on the money markets of London and New York could prevent the value of the franc from experiencing a disastrous downfall[25]. Because France was on the verge of elections scheduled for the spring of 1936, devaluation of the franc, which was viewed as abhorrent by large sections of French public opinion, was rejected by the caretaker government of Premier Albert Sarraut as politically unacceptable[25]. Investor fears of a war with Germany were not conducive to raising the necessary loans to stabilize the franc: the German remilitarization of the Rhineland, by sparking fears of war, worsened the French economic crisis by causing a massive cash flow out of France as worried investors shifted their savings towards what was felt to be safer foreign markets[26]. On March 18, 1936 Wilfrid Baumgartner, the director of the Mouvement général des fonds (the French equivalent of a permanent under-secretary) reported to the government that France for all intents and purposes was bankrupt[27]. Only by desperate arm-twisting from the major French financial institutions did Baumgartner manage to obtain enough in the way of short-term loans to prevent France from defaulting on her debts and keeping the value of the franc from sliding too far, in March 1936[27]. Given the financial crisis, the French government feared that there were insufficient funds to cover the costs of mobilization, and that a full-blown war scare caused by mobilization would only exacerbate the financial crisis[27].

Upon hearing of the German move, the French government issued a statement strongly hinting that military action was a possible option[24]. When the French Foreign Secretary, Pierre Étienne Flandin, heard of the remilitarization he immediately went to London to consult the British Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, as Flandin wished, for domestic political reasons, to find a way of shifting the onus of not taking action onto British shoulders[28]. Baldwin asked Flandin what the French Government had in mind but Flandin said they had not yet decided. Flandin went back to Paris and consulted the French Government what their response should be. They agreed that "France would place all her forces at the disposal of the League of Nations to oppose a violation of the Treaties".[29] Since the French government for economic reasons had already ruled out mobilization, and hence war as a way of reversing Hitler's Rhineland coup, it was decided that the best that France could do under the situation was to use the crisis to obtain the "continental commitment" (i.e. a British commitment to send large ground forces to the defense of France on the same scale of World War I)[30]. The strategy of Flandin was to strongly imply to the British that France was willing to go to war with Germany over the Rhineland issue, in the expectation that the British were not willing to see their Locarno commitments lead them into a war with the Germans over an issue where many in Britain felt that the Germans were in the right. As such, Flandin expected London to apply pressure for "restraint" on Paris[31]. The price of the French "restraint" in regards to the Rhineland provocation, an open violation of both the Versailles and Locarno treaties was to be the British "continental commitment" unequivocally linking British security to French security, and committing the British to send another large expeditionary force to defend France in the event of a German attack[32].

During his visit to London to consult with the British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin and Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden, Flandin carried out what the Canadian historian Robert J. Young called "the performance of a lifetime", in which he expressed a great deal of outrage at the German move, stated quite openly that France was prepared to go to war over the issue, and strongly criticized his British hosts for the demands for French "restraint" while not offering to do anything for French sécurité (security). As intended by Flandin, Eden was opposed to the French taking military action, and appealed for French "restraint"[33]. Not aware of what Flandin was attempting to do, French military officials urged the government to tell Flandin to tone down his language[34]. In the face of Flandin's tactics, on March 19, 1936 the British government made a vague statement linking British security to French security, and for the first time since World War I agreed to Anglo-French staff talks, albeit of very limited scope[31]. Though disappointed with the British offers, which the French felt were too little, the French nonetheless considered the pledges of British support gained in 1936 to be a worthwhile achievement, especially given that for economic reasons mobilization was not considered a realistic option in 1936[32]. Those French officials such as René Massigli who believed in the idea of an Anglo-French alliance as the best way of stopping German expansionism expressed a great deal of disappointment that Britain was not prepared to do more for French sécurité[35]. As part of an effort to secure more in the way of the long-desired "continental commitment" that had been a major goal of French foreign policy since 1919, Gamelin told the British military attaché that:

France could fight its own battles and also send some immediate reinforcements to Belgium, but only if it was known for sure that a British Expeditionary Force was on the way. The lack of such a force would mean that France might have to reconsider its commitments in Belgium and the leave the latter to fend for itself... Such action would mean conceding to Germany potential air bases, and facilities for air raids against England, to which we could scarcely be indifferent[36]
The generalissimo of the French Army, General Gamelin, told the French government that if France countered the German forces and this caused a long war, France would be unable to win fighting alone and therefore would need British assistance. The French Government, with an upcoming general election in mind, decided against general mobilization of the French Army.[37] The remilitarization removed the last hold France had over Germany and therefore ended the security France had gained from the Treaty of Versailles. As long as the Rhineland was demilitarized, the French could easily re-occupy the area and threaten the economically important Ruhr industrial area which was liable to French invasion if France believed the situation in Germany ever became a threat.[38]

[edit] United Kingdom
See also: Policy of appeasement

The reaction in Britain was mixed, but they did not generally regard the remilitarization as harmful. Lord Lothian famously said it was no more than the Germans walking into their own backyard. George Bernard Shaw similarly claimed it was no different than if Britain had reoccupied Portsmouth. In his diary entry for 23 March, Harold Nicolson MP noted that "the feeling in the House [of Commons] is terribly pro-German, which means afraid of war".[39] During the Rhineland crisis of 1936, no public meetings or rallies were held anywhere in protest at the remilitarization of the Rhineland, and instead there were several "peace" rallies where it was demanded that Britain not use war to resolve the crisis[40].

The Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin claimed, with tears in his eyes, that Britain lacked the resources to enforce her treaty guarantees and that public opinion would not stand for military force anyway[41]. The British Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, discouraged military action by the French and was against any financial or economic sanctions against Germany. Eden instead wanted Germany to pull out all but a symbolic number of troops, the number they said they were going to put in the first place, and then renegotiate.[42] An additional factor that influenced British policy was the lack of the Dominion support. All of the Dominion High Commissioners in London, with South Africa and Canada being especially outspoken in this regard, made it quite clear that they would not go to war to restore the demilitarized status of the Rhineland, and that if Britain did so, she would be on her own[40]. Ever since the Chanak Crisis of 1922, Britain had been keenly conscious that Dominion support could not be automatically assumed, and remembering the huge role the Dominions had played in the victory of 1918 could not consider fighting another major war without Dominion support.

The British Foreign Office for its part expressed a great deal of frustration over Hitler's action in unilaterally taking what London had proposed to negotiate. As a Foreign Office memo complained "Hitler has deprived us of the possibility of making to him a concession which might otherwise have been a useful bargaining counter in our hands in the general negotiations with Germany which we had it in contemplation to initiate"[43]. Through the British had agreed to staff talks with the French as the price of French "restraint", many British ministers were unhappy with these talks. The Home Secretary Sir John Simon wrote to Eden and Baldwin that staff talks to be held with the French after the Rhineland remilitarization would lead the French to perceive that:

"they have got us tied that they can safely wait for the breakdown of discussions with Germany. In such circumstances France will be as selfish and as pig-headed as France has always been and the prospect of agreement with Germany will grow dimmer and dimmer"[44].
In response to objections like Simon, the British ended the staff talks with the French five days after they had begun Anglo-French staff talks were not to occur again until February 1939 in the aftermath of the Dutch War Scare of January 1939. However, the rather hazily phrased British statement linking British security to French sécurité was not disallowed out of the fear that it would irreparably damage Anglo-French relations, which as the British historian A. J. P. Taylor observed meant should France become involved in a war with Germany, there would be at a minimum a strong moral case because of the statement of March 19, 1936 for Britain to fight on the side of France[45].

Until the statement by Neville Chamberlain on March 31, 1939 offering the "guarantee" of Poland, there were no British security commitments in Eastern Europe beyond the Covenant of the League of Nations. For most of the inter-war period, the British were extremely reluctant to make security commitments in Eastern Europe, regarding the region as too unstable and likely to embroil Britain in unwanted wars. In 1925, the British Foreign Secretary, Sir Austen Chamberlain had famously stated in public that the Polish Corridor was "not worth the bones of a single British grenadier".[46][47] However, because of the French alliance system in Eastern Europe, the so-called Cordon sanitaire, any German attack on France's Eastern European allies would cause a Franco-German war, and because of the statement of March 19, 1936 a Franco-German war would create strong pressure for British intervention on the side of France. This was all the more the case because unlike the Locarno, where Britain was committed to come to France's defence only in the event of a German attack, the British statement of March 19 as part of an effort to be as vague as possible only stated Britain considered French security to be vital national need, and did not distinguish between a German attack on France vs. France going to war with Germany in the event of a German attack on a member of the cordon sanitarie. Thus, in this way, the British statement of March 1936 offered not only a direct British commitment to defend France (albeit phrased in exceedingly ambiguous language), but also indirectly to the Eastern European states of the cordon sanitaire. In this way, the British government found itself drawn into the Central European crisis of 1938 because of the Franco-Czechoslovak alliance of 1924 meant any German-Czechoslovak war would automatically become a Franco-German war, and if the latter event occurred, the statement of March 19, 1936 would create strong pressure for British intervention. It was because of this indirect security commitment via the proxy of France that the British involved themselves in the Central European crisis of 1938 despite the widespread feeling that the German-Czechoslovak dispute did not concern Britain directly[48].

During a House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee meeting on 12 March, Winston Churchill, a backbench Conservative MP, argued for Anglo-French co-ordination under the League of Nations to help France challenge the remilitarization of the Rhineland,[49] but this never happened.

[edit] Belgium
Belgium concluded an alliance with France in 1920 but after the remilitarization Belgium opted again for neutrality. On 14 October 1936 King Leopold III of Belgium said in a speech:

The reoccupation of the Rhineland, by ending the Locarno arrangement, has almost brought us back to our international position before the war... We must follow a policy exclusively  
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